drum-PeriodictBoundary tutorial added
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# Simulating a Rotating Drum with Periodic Boundary Type (v-1.0)
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## Problem Definition
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The problem is to simulate a rotating drum with a diameter of 0.24 m and a length of 0.1 m, rotating at 11.6 rpm. It is filled with 4-mm spherical particles at a rate of 10,000 particles/s for 2 seconds (a total of 20,000 particles). The timestep for integration is 0.00001 s. We use the `periodic` boundary type in the z-direction to replicate the same drum on both sides (a drum with an infinite length).
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<div align="center">
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<b>
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<img src="./drumPeriodic.jpeg" alt="Rotating Drum with Periodic Boundary" style="width: 600px;">
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</b>
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<b>
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A View of Rotating Drum with Periodic Boundary
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</b></div>
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***
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## Setting Up the Case
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Everything is similar to the tutorial on [simulating a small rotating drum](../rotatingDrumSmall), except that the drum does not have the two end plates (it is open from both sides), and we use particle insertion for inserting particles. So, if you don't know how to simulate a rotating drum, first review that tutorial.
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Since the goal here is to show you how to use the periodic boundary type, we only review the `domainDict` here.
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<div align="center">
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in <b>settings/domainDict</b> file
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</div>
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```C++
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// Simulation domain: every particle that goes outside this domain will be deleted
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globalBox
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{
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min (-0.12 -0.12 0.0); // lower corner point of the box
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max (0.12 0.12 0.1); // upper corner point of the box
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}
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boundaries
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{
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left // x-
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{
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type exit;
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}
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right // x+
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{
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type exit;
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}
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bottom // y-
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{
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type exit;
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}
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top // y+
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{
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type exit;
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}
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rear // z-
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{
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type periodic; // this boundary type should be defined on both z+ and z- sides
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}
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front // z+
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{
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type periodic; // this boundary type should be defined on both z+ and z- sides
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}
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}
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```
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`globalBox` defines a cuboid with two corner points `min` and `max`. If a particle falls out of this box, it is automatically deleted. So, this box should contain everything in the simulation and should be as small as possible.
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`front` and `rear` boundaries represent the front and rear planes of this `globalBox`. If we want to have a periodic boundary in the z direction, we should set the type of boundary to `periodic` for both `front` and `rear` boundaries.
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## Running the Case
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The solver for this simulation is `sphereGranFlow`. Enter the following commands in the terminal. Depending on the computational power, it may take a few minutes to a few hours to complete.
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```sh
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geometryPhasicFlow
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particlesPhasicFlow
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sphereGranFlow
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```
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## Post Processing
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After finishing the simulation, you can render the results in ParaView. To convert the results to VTK format, just enter the following command in the terminal. This will convert all the results (particles and geometry) to VTK format and store them in the `VTK/` folder.
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```sh
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pFlowToVTK --binary
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```
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
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objectName interaction;
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objectType dicrionary;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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materials (prop1); // a list of materials names
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densities (1000.0); // density of materials [kg/m3]
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contactListType sortedContactList;
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contactSearch
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{
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method NBS; // method for broad search
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updateInterval 10;
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sizeRatio 1.1;
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cellExtent 0.55;
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adjustableBox Yes;
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}
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model
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{
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contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
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rollingFrictionModel normal;
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Yeff (1.0e6); // Young modulus [Pa]
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Geff (0.8e6); // Shear modulus [Pa]
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nu (0.25); // Poisson's ratio [-]
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en (0.7); // coefficient of normal restitution
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mu (0.3); // dynamic friction
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mur (0.1); // rolling friction
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}
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
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objectName particleInsertion;
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objectType dicrionary;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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active Yes; // is insertion active -> yes or no
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partInsertion
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{
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timeControl simulationTime; // Time control method
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rate 10000; // insertion rate (particles/s)
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startTime 0; // Start time for insertion (s)
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endTime 2; // End time for insertion (s)
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insertionInterval 0.025; // Time interval between insertions (s)
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regionType box; // type of insertion region
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boxInfo
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{
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min (-0.07 0.05 0.05); // Minimum coordinates of the box (m,m,m)
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max ( 0.07 0.06 0.09); // Maximum coordinates of the box (m,m,m)
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}
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setFields
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{
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velocity realx3 (0.0 -0.4 -0.3); // initial velocity of inserted particles
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}
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mixture
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{
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sphere1 1; // mixture composition of inserted particles
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}
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}
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
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objectName sphereDict;
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objectType sphereShape;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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names (sphere1); // names of shapes
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diameters (0.004); // diameter of shapes
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materials (prop1); // material names for shapes
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#!/bin/sh
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cd ${0%/*} || exit 1 # Run from this directory
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ls | grep -P "^(([0-9]+\.?[0-9]*)|(\.[0-9]+))$" | xargs -d"\n" rm -rf
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rm -rf VTK
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#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Binary file not shown.
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 228 KiB |
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#!/bin/sh
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cd ${0%/*} || exit 1 # Run from this directory
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echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo "1) Creating particles"
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echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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particlesPhasicFlow
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echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo "2) Creating geometry"
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echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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geometryPhasicFlow
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echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo "3) Running the case"
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echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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sphereGranFlow
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echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo "4) Converting to VTK"
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echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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pFlowToVTK --binary --fields velocity diameter id
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#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
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objectName domainDict;
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objectType dictionary;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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// Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
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globalBox
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{
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min (-0.12 -0.12 0.0); // lower corner point of the box
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max (0.12 0.12 0.1); // upper corner point of the box
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}
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boundaries
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{
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left // x-
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{
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type exit;
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}
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right // x+
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{
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type exit;
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}
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bottom // y-
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{
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type exit;
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}
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top // y+
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{
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type exit;
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}
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rear // z-
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{
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type periodic; // this boundary type should be defined in both z+ and z- sides
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}
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front // z+
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{
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type periodic; // this boundary type should be defined in both z+ and z- sides
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}
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}
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
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objectName geometryDict;
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objectType dictionary;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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motionModel rotatingAxis;
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rotatingAxisInfo // information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model
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{
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rotAxis
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{
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p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0); // first point for the axis of rotation
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p2 (0.0 0.0 1.0); // second point for the axis of rotation
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omega 1.214; // rotation speed (rad/s)
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}
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}
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surfaces
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{
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/*
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A cylinder with begin and end radii 0.12 m and axis points at (0 0 0) and (0 0 0.1)
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*/
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cylinder
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{
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type cylinderWall; // type of the wall
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p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0); // begin point of cylinder axis
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p2 (0.0 0.0 0.1); // end point of cylinder axis
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radius1 0.12; // radius at p1
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radius2 0.12; // radius at p2
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resolution 24; // number of divisions
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material prop1; // material name of this wall
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motion rotAxis; // motion component name
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}
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}
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
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objectName particlesDict;
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objectType dictionary;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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setFields
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{
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/*
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Default value for fields defined for particles
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These fields should always be defined for simulations with
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spherical particles.
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*/
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defaultValue
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{
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velocity realx3 (0 0 0); // linear velocity (m/s)
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acceleration realx3 (0 0 0); // linear acceleration (m/s2)
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rVelocity realx3 (0 0 0); // rotational velocity (rad/s)
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shapeName word sphere1; // name of the particle shape
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}
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selectors
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{}
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}
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positionParticles
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{
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method empty; // no particle at the start of simulation
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}
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
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objectName settingsDict;
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objectType dictionary;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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run drumPeriodic;
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dt 0.00001; // time step for integration (s)
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startTime 0; // start time for simulation
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endTime 5; // end time for simulation
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saveInterval 0.05; // time interval for saving the simulation
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timePrecision 4; // maximum number of digits for time folder
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g (0 -9.8 0); // gravity vector (m/s2)
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includeObjects (diameter); // save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
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// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
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excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1
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rVelocity.dy2
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rVelocity.dy3
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pStructPosition.dy1
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pStructPosition.dy2
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pStructPosition.dy3
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pStructVelocity.dy1
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pStructVelocity.dy2
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pStructVelocity.dy3);
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integrationMethod AdamsBashforth4; // integration method
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writeFormat ascii; // data writting format (ascii or binary)
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timersReport Yes; // report timers (Yes or No)
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timersReportInterval 0.1; // time interval for reporting timers
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